常用电子元器件检测方法

??????×????÷???ì??·?·¨
??????×è?÷???ì??·?·¨?????é??
????1?±???¨??×è?÷???ì????A?±????±í±?(??·?????)·?±?????×è???????????à????????????????×è?????????á???????????????ù??±?????×è±ê???????ó???????????????????·?·????????·????????????ü??????????·??????????????ò????????????????????????????????????????????????????????20????80??????·??§?????????????ü×??·???ù????×è?ó??????????????????±ê??×è??????·?±????í????5??????10???ò??20?????ó?????????à·????????ó??·??§???ò???÷????×è??±???????B?±×??????????±????±???????????k??????×è??????×è?±???????????°±í±?????×è????????·???±??ì??????×è?????·?????????????????????????·?????????·???????????????????ú?ú?°?ì???ì???????ó???????·??×è??×è?????????????·±ê?????·?¨???????????±×??????????ò??±í??????????????×è????
????2?±???à??×è???ì?????ì?????à??×è??·?·¨?°×??????????ì?????¨???¨??×è?ê???à????
????3?±??????×è?÷???ì?????????·?????±??????×è?÷???????·?ó?????ù?????é×÷??????????·?????????×è?÷±í??·????ò???????????¨???????????????¨???ü?????÷???????¨?????à±??ù??????????±í?????????????????·???ò±í?÷?÷???????÷?????????ò???ó???????¨????????????±í????????????????????×è?÷???????????????è?ú?ò??±íR??1????????????±??¤????×??·????????????×è?÷?????????·????????????????×è?????????ó???ò???÷????????×è?÷???§?§???·??????????×è????±ê?????à????????±í?÷??×è±????????????????????????????ù??·???????????????????×è?÷?????·??±??÷?????·?????ó???ì???±?????è??×?????
????4?±?????÷???ì?????ì?é?????÷?±???×????×?????±ú????????±ú×?????·?????????????·??é?????????¨?????±?°?????±?ù??·????à???????????????÷??????????????×è?????????ù?????????°?????±?ù?????÷?????????????ò??±í?????±?????ù??±????????÷×è?????ó???????????ò??±í????????×è?????????ó??°?????·?·¨?????ì????
????A?±???ò??±í???·?·?????°1?±???°2?±?????????????????????÷??±ê??×è???????ò??±í???????????ò×è???à?????à???ò±í?÷???????÷????????
????B?±?ì???????÷??????±?????×è??????????·??????????ò??±í???·?·?????°1?±???°2?±(?ò?°2?±???°3?±)?????????????÷??×??á°????±??·??ò???????ü?°???±???????????±??×è?????????????????±????????×??á±ú????×è???????????ó??±í?·?????????????????????±?á±ú?????????????°3?±?±??×è???????ü?????÷??±ê?????????ò??±í?????????????÷???á±ú×??????????????????ó?????÷??????????????????????????
????5?±????????????????×è(PTC)???ì?????ì???±?????ò??±íR??1??????????·???????×÷??A?±?????ì??(???????????ü25??)??????±í±?????PTC??????×è??????????????????×è????????±ê??×è???à??±????????à??????2??????????????????×è??????±ê??×è???à?????ó???ò???÷???????????ò????????B?±?????ì?????????????????????ù???????????????????????????????ì????????????(?????????ú)???üPTC??????×è?????????????±???ò??±í?à??????×è????·??????????????????ó???????????÷??????×è????????×è????±????????÷??????±???????????????????×???????????????PTC??????×è???????ü?ò?±????????????×è????·?????????????
????6?±????????????????×è(NTC)???ì????
????(1)??????±ê????×è??Rt
???????ò??±í????NTC??????×è??·?·¨?????????¨???¨??×è??·?·¨?à???????ù??NTC??????×è??±ê??×è??????????????×è?????±??????Rt?????????????òNTC??????×è?????????????????????±??×?????????????A?±Rt???ú?ú?§?????·????????25???±?ù?????????ù?????ò??±í????Rt?±???à?????·?????????ü25???±????????±??¤??????????????B?±???????????????????¨???????????÷???§???????????ó????C?±×??????·??×÷???????±???????????ó×???????×è??????·??????????????????ú?ú?°?ì??
????(2)????????????????t
????????????t1????????×è??Rt1???????????ú×÷?????????ü??????×èRt????????×è??RT2?????±???????????????±??????×èRT±í???????ù????t2????????????
????7?±??????×è???ì???????ò??±í??R??1k????????????×è????????????????·??ò??????×è???ù???????ó??·??ò?????÷?????÷?ó?????ù????×è?????????÷??????×è??????????????????
????8?±??????×è???ì????A?±??????????????????×è???????°????×??????±?ò??±í???????ù±?±?????????×è?????ü?????ó?????????ó???÷??????×è?????????????????????ò???ü?????????÷??????×è????????????????????????????B?±??????????×???????×è???????°???????±?ò??±í?????????????ó·ù????°?????×è???÷???????????????????÷??????×è???????????????????ó?????????ó??±í?÷??????×è???????·????????????????????????C?±????????×è?????°????×?????????????????????????????×è???????°???????????????????????????±?ò??±í??????????????????????×ó??°??????????ò??±í??????????????????????????????????°????????÷??????×è????????????????????
?????????????÷???ì??·?·¨?????é
????1?±???¨?????÷???ì??
????A?±?ì??10pF????????????
?????ò10pF?????????¨?????÷?????????????ò??±í???????????????¨?????ì?é????·????????????????·?ò?÷?????ó???????±?????????ò??±íR??10k????????±í±?·?±???????????????????????×è???????????ó????????×è??(?????ò??°???)???????ò???÷?????????????ò?????÷????B?±?ì??10PF??0?±01??F???¨?????÷??·??????????ó???????????????????ò??±í????R??1k?????????????????????ù??100???????????????÷????????????3DG6???????è??????×é???????????ò??±í???ì????±í±?·?±???????????·?????e????????c?à????????????????????·??ó×÷????°?±???????????·????????è??·??ó?????ò??±í????°?·ù?????ó??????±??????ì????×?????????????????×÷?±????±??????????????????????±????·????÷??±???????????????A??B???????????÷?????????ò??±í??????°?????C?±????0?±01??F?????????¨???????????ò??±í??R??10k???±???????????÷???????????????°???????????·?ò???????????ù???????ò??°?????·ù???ó?????????????÷????????
????2?±?????????÷???ì??
????A?±?ò????????????????????°????¨?????ó???à???ù?????????±?????????????????????????????????ù?????é????°??é??????1??47??F??????????????R??1k?????????ó??47??F??????????R??100????????
????B?±???ò??±í?ì±í±???????????±í±??????????????????????????ò??±í???????ò????×????ó????(??????????×è???????????ó??°?·ù???ó)????×??????ò×ó??×????±???????????????????±??×è??±????????????????ò????×è?????????ó??·??ò????×è?????????????é±í?÷????????????????×è??°???????°?k????????·??ò?????????????¤×÷?????????????????ò??·??ò?ù???????????ó????±í?????????ò???÷???????§?ò???????·???????ù??×è???????ò?????????÷?????????ó?ò???÷????????????????????C?±????????????±ê?????÷???????????÷????????????????????×è??·?·¨??????±?????????????????????×è????×????ó???????ó????±í±???????????×è??????????????×è???ó????????±??????ò??·¨??????±í±??????????????ì±í±?????????????D?±?????ò??±í??×è??????????????????????????·??ò??????·?·¨???ù???????ò??°???·ù?????ó????????????????????????????
????3?±??±??????÷???ì??
????A?±?????á?á????×??á??????????·??????????????????±???±?????????¨?????ó???????á?ò?°???ó??????????×ó???????÷??·??ò?????±??×??á???????????????ó??B?±????????????×??á???í???????á??????×é?????????????????????????????ó??×??á??????????????????????±??????÷??????????????????????C?±???ò??±í????R??10k????????????????±í±?·?±?????±??????÷?????????¨?????????????í????????×??á???????????????????ò??±í???????????????ó????????????????×??á?????????????????????±???ò???????÷???????¨?????????????·???????????????????????ò??±í?????????????ó???????????¨×è???????÷??±??????÷???????¨?????????????????ó??
?????????????÷??±????÷?ì??·?·¨?????é
????1?±?????????÷?????ì??
???????ò??±í????R??1?????ì????±í±??÷???????????÷?????????????????±???????ò??°??????ù??????????×è???ó??????????·??????????é????????±???
????A?±±????????????÷??×è???????????????????·????????B?±±????????????÷?±?÷??×è?????ó?????????????÷?????ù?????á°ü?????????????????±????????????????????×è?????ò??????±????????????÷??????????
????2?±????±????÷???ì??
????A?±???ò??±í????R??1????°???????±????÷???÷??×é???????????????????ì?é?÷??×é???¨???é????????????????·???????B?±?ì??????????
???????ò??±í????R??10k????×?????????×?????????
????(1)??????×é????????×é????????×è????
????(2)??????×é??????????????×è????
????(3)??????×é??????????????×è????
?????????????á??·??????????é????
????(1)×è?????????ó????????
????(2)×è?????????????·????????
????(3)×è???????????ó?????ó????????????????????
????3?±????±????÷???ì??
????A?±?¨?????ì±????÷?????????ì?é????·????÷???ì?????ó??????????????·???????????????????????·??????????????ú????????????·??????????è????????????????×é??????·???????????B?±???????????????ò??±íR??10k??·?±??????ú?????????????????÷???????ú?????÷????????????±??????????????????÷??×é??????×è?????ò??±í?????ù???????????ó??????????·??ò?????÷±????÷??????????????C?±?????¨?????ì???????ò??±í????R??1????????????????????×é????×è?????????ó???ò???÷????×é?????·????????D?±??±???????????????????±????÷????????????????????°?????·?±??????à??????????????????×é?à±ê??220V×??ù????????×é?ò±ê?????¨??????????15V??24V??35V???????ù??????±ê????????±???E?±???????÷???ì????(a)?±?±??????·¨?????????ù????×é???????·??°??ò??±í???????÷???÷??(500mA????????????×é???±??????×é?????·????220V???÷?????±???ò??±í?ù??????±??????????÷?????????????ó??±????÷?ú?????÷??10????20??????°???????×??è±?????±????÷?????????????÷????100mA×ó???????????????à???ò???÷±????÷?????·????????(b)?±????????·¨????±????÷????????×é??????????10??/5W????×è??????????????????°??ò??±í???????÷??
???????????ó??????±í±???????×èR????????????U?????ó???·?·?¨?????????????÷I??????I??=U/R??F?±???????????ì??????????±????÷????????220V?????????ò??±í???÷???????????????÷??×é????????????(U21??U22??U23??U24)??·??????ó???????í?ó??·??§??°???????????×é????10??????????×é????5???????????é?·????×é??????×é??????????????2????G?±??°???????????±????÷???í??????40????50?????????ù???????????????????????í?????????á????H?±?ì????±??÷??×é????????????????????±????÷?±?????±?????????ù?è?????????????????????ò?à????????×é??????????????????????·¨????????±????÷?±?????????????÷??×é????????±??????·?????????????í??·??ò??±????÷?????????¤×÷??I.????±????÷???·????????×????ì????±???????±????÷·??ú???·???????ó???÷????×???·???????????????×é?????????§?????¨???????????????????·?????à?????·???÷?????ó????±????÷·??????????????ì??????????±????÷??·??????·?????????ò??·?·¨?????????????÷(????·?·¨?°???????é??)?????????·??????±????÷???????????÷???????ó???ú?????÷??10?????±???·?????±??±????÷???????????ó????????????±??á????·??????????????ú???á?????????????????±???
????????????÷±??????¨±????÷?????·????????